Patellofemoral Pain

Patellofemoral pain, often referred to as “runner’s knee,” is a common condition characterized by pain around or behind the kneecap (patella). It typically arises when the patella does not track properly in the femoral groove, causing irritation of the surrounding tissues. The pain is usually aggravated by activities that load the knee joint—such as running, squatting, climbing stairs, or prolonged sitting. While it is most frequently seen in athletes, especially runners and cyclists, it can affect anyone, particularly individuals with biomechanical imbalances or muscle weaknesses.

The causes of patellofemoral pain are multifactorial. Contributing factors include muscular imbalances, such as weak quadriceps or hip abductors, tight hamstrings or iliotibial bands, and altered lower-limb biomechanics like overpronation of the foot. Training errors—such as sudden increases in intensity, duration, or frequency of activity—also play a significant role. Additionally, poor footwear and structural variations in the anatomy of the knee or lower extremity can predispose someone to this condition. The result is increased stress on the patellofemoral joint, leading to discomfort and functional limitations.

Management of patellofemoral pain focuses on reducing pain while addressing the underlying causes. Conservative treatments are the mainstay, including physical therapy to strengthen the quadriceps and hip stabilizers, stretching exercises for tight structures, and correcting faulty biomechanics with orthotics or taping techniques. Activity modification—such as reducing high-impact activities and gradually returning to sport—is often necessary. In most cases, consistent rehabilitation leads to good outcomes, though persistent or severe cases may require more advanced interventions, including injections or, rarely, surgery..

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