Chilblains, also known as pernio, are small, itchy, and painful inflammations of the skin that occur in response to sudden changes in temperature, particularly cold and damp conditions. They most commonly affect the extremities—fingers, toes, ears, and nose—because these areas have smaller blood vessels and are more susceptible to poor circulation. When skin is exposed to cold and then quickly rewarmed, the small blood vessels can’t respond fast enough, leading to leakage of blood into surrounding tissues and triggering inflammation. This results in red or purplish patches, swelling, burning sensations, and sometimes blistering or ulcers in more severe cases.

The exact cause of chilblains isn’t entirely clear, but they’re believed to be linked to abnormal vascular responses to cold. Certain factors increase susceptibility: poor circulation, low body weight, autoimmune disorders (like lupus), and occupations or activities involving regular cold exposure. They’re more common in women than men and tend to affect people in temperate climates—places where winters are cold but not freezing—because in extreme cold, people tend to take better protective measures. Genetic predisposition might also play a role, as chilblains can run in families.

Management of chilblains involves prevention and symptom relief. Keeping extremities warm and dry is key—wearing layers, gloves, warm socks, and avoiding rapid temperature changes can help. Once chilblains occur, topical corticosteroids may reduce inflammation, and soothing lotions or calamine can ease itching. In chronic or severe cases, medications like nifedipine, a vasodilator, are sometimes prescribed to improve circulation. It’s also important to monitor for infection if skin breaks occur. While chilblains typically heal within 1–3 weeks, recurring cases should be evaluated to rule out underlying circulatory or autoimmune issues.

Advertisement:

No products found.

I get commissions for purchases made through links on this website. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.